Unbroken Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unbroken - Essay Example The scene provides some insights into the early struggles of Louie and his Spirit of fortitude to overcome. Despite the sickness, Louie beats the odds and becomes an accomplished athlete in his school days. It was while in school that he met Glenn Cunningham who becomes his mentor. Louis puts all his efforts in the sports and soon starts breaking a record becoming the fastest high school miler in 1934.He goes on to become the youngest distance runner in the Olympic team, qualifying in the 5k trial against some of the best in the sports he set his sight in Berlin Olympics in 1936 (Oney). At the Olympics, however, he could not match the Finnish runners who seemed more experienced and technically superior to Louei finishing in seventh position. No sooner, had he set his sight on the 1940 OlympicGames than two countries, Germany, and Japan began to exert pressure on nations. The following year 1941,saw Louie join the air corps service on a crew as a bomber into the world war 11 operations. Life for him is relatively calm with no demanding duties at that time until December while at the Pacific theatre when the Pearl Harbor was bombed. Japan eventually conquers many territories leading to America’s entrance into the war. Louie together with other men was to go for bomb raids. The pilot to the crew was Phillip Allen and together with others made up crew no.8 in the 372nd bomb squadron of the 307th Bomb group, seventh Air Force. His duty included operating his position with the NordenSight; that would assume the flight of the plane, calculate the target angle, and drop a bomb at the best moment (Hillenbrand 17). The scene provides a deep insight into the real life experiences in the camp as bomber. It includes conversations between Luie and the rest of the crew as they familiarize with each other and the team leaders efforts to build an effective team. The crew’s first mission came in December 1942, which was to dismantle the Japanese base

Tears Idle Tears Essay Example for Free

Tears Idle Tears Essay Tears, Idle Tears is from the The Princess published in 1847. The poem was set in a fairy tale realm discussing women’s rights in education. The poem has interludes of songs or lyrics that were so acclaimed that they were seen as independent from the original Princess. Tears is one of those songs. The song begins with someone crying but not knowing ‘what they mean’ by crying. The person is crying from somewhere deep inside, a ‘divine despair. ’ Emotionally charged tears that are yet to have a cause. Throughout the song Tennyson speaks of ‘days that are no more’ speaking of a time that was happy and now all that is left is a depressed reflection. He begins with ‘happy Autumn fields’ reminiscing on the memories that were once of spring and growth and now all that is left in the field is emptiness. The song was written while Tennyson was in Titern Abbey in autumn, where the area held the burial place of his friend, Hallem. So perhaps the tears are from some underlying emotion for the death of his friend. This can be proven in the next line â€Å"Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail, that brings our friends up from the underworld,† the line referring to the underworld in which the boatman ferries the dead to Hades. The third stanza refers to a man dying in the ‘earliest pipe of half-awaken’d birds. ’ It is an interesting contrast that as a new day dawns an old life ends, even more so that the last thing the man hears is the soft hymn of the morning birds. A gentle way to approach death as Tennyson would have wanted for his friends. In the final stanza Tennyson continues his somber teary remarks as in the first stanza where he now mentions: Dear as remember’d kisses after death And sweet as those by hopeless fancy feign’d On lips that are for other; deep as love, Deep as first love, and wild with all regret; O Death in Life, that days that are no more. The speaker is wild with regret in concern for the days lost with his friends that were the ‘Death in Life’ as he experienced loved ones dying and coping with the emotions that come and go as in the first stanza when ‘idle tears’ form. He does not know why he cries but subconsciously he is aware that it is because of death. The final line eclipses the subjective meaning in each stanza that the memories and happiness he had once felt are in ‘the days that are no more. ’

Diversity and the American National Identity Essay -- Exploratory Ess

Diversity and the American National Identity Greed is good, get get get, I want what you have, don't touch mine." This is what a friend of mine said when I asked for his conception of the American national identity is.1 Although this statement seems informal and absurd, it accurately reflects the dog-eat-dog world many people believe to be the American capitalist culture.2 Whether my friend said this with the intent of comic relief is inconsequential. Whether he knew it, the informant reflects his cultural identity. Many ambiguities surround the establishment, formation, and retention of a national identity. To what extent can a national identity be individualized? Does every individual, regardless of origin, possess the ability to engage in the national identity? Can an individual abandon his or her "cultural self?"3 Can non-American citizens who reside in America create multi-national identities of their own? Is a national identity predestined, or does an individual exert control over it? There is not one definitive national identity in any society. America is marked by the diversity of both people and ideas. The aim of this paper is not to establish a universal conception of national identity from the basis of history and documented facts. Rather, I am attempting to form a holistic definition of the national identity from my fieldwork with the widest possible variety of college students. Hernando, a native of Sacramento, considers himself a Mexican-American, yet he declares himself to be of indigenously American descent. He states, "If you trace my lineage back, I am actually from the United States. My family came from Texas and California before it was taken over by the United States." Despite Hernando's Mexi... ...ational identity and "a" national identity. "The" is used in the context of the United States and "a" refers to the universal construct. 2. In this discourse, the term "America" refers to the United States. 3. Emily A. Schultz and Robert H. Lavenda. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition, 5th ed. (California: Mayfield, 2001) 120. 4. Ibid., 328. 5. Ibid., 160. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid., 109. 9. Deborah Tannen. That's Not What I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. (New York: Ballantine, 1987), 74-75. Bibliography Schultz, Emily A., and Robert H. Lavenda. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition. 5th ed. California: Mayfield, 2001. Tannen, Deborah. That's Not What I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. New York: Ballantine, 1987. Diversity and the American National Identity Essay -- Exploratory Ess Diversity and the American National Identity Greed is good, get get get, I want what you have, don't touch mine." This is what a friend of mine said when I asked for his conception of the American national identity is.1 Although this statement seems informal and absurd, it accurately reflects the dog-eat-dog world many people believe to be the American capitalist culture.2 Whether my friend said this with the intent of comic relief is inconsequential. Whether he knew it, the informant reflects his cultural identity. Many ambiguities surround the establishment, formation, and retention of a national identity. To what extent can a national identity be individualized? Does every individual, regardless of origin, possess the ability to engage in the national identity? Can an individual abandon his or her "cultural self?"3 Can non-American citizens who reside in America create multi-national identities of their own? Is a national identity predestined, or does an individual exert control over it? There is not one definitive national identity in any society. America is marked by the diversity of both people and ideas. The aim of this paper is not to establish a universal conception of national identity from the basis of history and documented facts. Rather, I am attempting to form a holistic definition of the national identity from my fieldwork with the widest possible variety of college students. Hernando, a native of Sacramento, considers himself a Mexican-American, yet he declares himself to be of indigenously American descent. He states, "If you trace my lineage back, I am actually from the United States. My family came from Texas and California before it was taken over by the United States." Despite Hernando's Mexi... ...ational identity and "a" national identity. "The" is used in the context of the United States and "a" refers to the universal construct. 2. In this discourse, the term "America" refers to the United States. 3. Emily A. Schultz and Robert H. Lavenda. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition, 5th ed. (California: Mayfield, 2001) 120. 4. Ibid., 328. 5. Ibid., 160. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid., 109. 9. Deborah Tannen. That's Not What I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. (New York: Ballantine, 1987), 74-75. Bibliography Schultz, Emily A., and Robert H. Lavenda. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition. 5th ed. California: Mayfield, 2001. Tannen, Deborah. That's Not What I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. New York: Ballantine, 1987.

Social environment

This is an example of a business changing to meet the needs of customers. Subways are trying to be more socially responsible by stunning their animals first, to appease consumers with strong moral objections. This Is Important because a study by Forbes showed that 65% of workers would seriously consider leaving their Jobs if they worked for a company that harmed the environment. Research has shown that over 88% of consumers think companies should try to achieve their business goals while Improving society and the environment.So therefore Subways diverse workforce may provide ideas that a more homogeneous workforce could miss. Also, they might eve a greater understanding of markets that may be segmented on these factors. They may also provide more natural links to market opportunities abroad, through linguistic skills, cultural knowledge and knowledge of foreign markets. This can explain why Subway operates in 83 countries, with a rapid rise in sales in Germany, its second most valuab le Western European market.Income Income can affect business. A company's products usually appeal to certain income groups. People with lower incomes are more sensitive to price and may prefer purchasing discount products. Permeates are experiencing a change In market share because of the increase of people with lower incomes and less disposable income who are sensitive to price (elasticity of demand) and a shift in tastes and trends, with cheap foods becoming Increasingly In demand.This means that the demand for discount food stores Is Increasing. Tests; an example of a food store that is experiencing a decrease in market share because people cannot afford Tests foods and prefer bargain stores like Lid. Deco's market share over the last 12 weeks (from outhouse) compared to a year ago Is down from 29. 6% to 28. %. Tests have responded to the threat with ‘hard discounters' by launching a poorly war on milk and other essentials. Tests has cut the price of pant milk to El to matc h budget chains.People are more aware of the importance of the environment and becoming ‘green consumers'; prefer environmentally-friendly goods which have less Impact on the environment e. G. Prefer to travel by bus. Cutbacks; expanding their recycling programmer to reduce waste developing more environmentally-friendly cups, evaluating store design and operations to identify ways to reduce the amount of water used, use responsible alluding materials and energy efficient designs for their stores The changing nature of the ethical environment Moral principles that should underpin decision making.Ethical behavior involves actions and decisions that are seen to be morally correct Ethics are the set of moral values held by an individual or group. An organization may make decision that it believes to be morally right, rather than one that suits the needs of some of its stakeholders. Thus a decision made on ethical grounds might reject the most profitable solution for an organizatio n in favor of one of greater infinite to society.Possible ethical stances Organizations may take different stances in relation to ethics, including: Viewing shareholders' or owners' short term interests as their only responsibility Recognizing that well managed relationships with other stakeholders bring long term benefits to shareholders or owners Including the interested and expectations of stakeholders in their mission Taking an ideological approach and placing financial considerations secondary Ethical Codes An instruction from an organization to its employees to indicate how they should exact to situations relating to moral values The focus of the code will depend on the business concerned. A typical code may include sections on Personal integrity in dealing with suppliers and in handling the firm's resources Corporate integrity such as forbidding collusion with competitors and predatory pricing Social responsibility Critics believe there is nothing more than public relations e xercises Ethical Investment Stock market investment based on a restricted list of firms that are ethically sound Ethical investors do not invest in firms thatFinance weapons deals to oppressive governments Make products involving tobacco, fur, animal testing and exploitative farming Do not act responsibly towards the environment or are not good employers Advantages/Disadvantages with Ethical Behavior Reviewing a firms ethical position A number of elements should be considered when reviewing a company's ethical position. Individuals Each person has their own set of personal standards derived from their upbringing, educations and background. As they make decisions, their own ideas of what is right and wrong is involved Corporate culture Set of unwritten rules that affect the attitudes and management style of a business. This can affect how employees behave in order to do well at the business Public standards Operate in an environment that affect everything they do and the results they achieve. A public outcry against a particular type of activity will force a business to look at itself and decide if it needs to change.It may also mean other businesses look at themselves as well Competitors A USPS can be built based on emphasizing their ethical stance. Other businesses may then review their operations Ethics, Business Culture and Delegation Organizations have cultures and codes of behavior that affect attitudes, decision making and management style. If there is conflict between the ethical position of the organization and the moral values of the individuals it employs, then delegated decision making may not reflect the ethical position of the organization. The potential of this problem can be minimized if the culture is one which all employees understand and take responsibility for.Changing business cultures is not easy and investment in effective training and communication is important to ensure that all Taft behave in an agreed ethical manner. Creating an ethic al culture within a business can actually improve motivation and can become part of a wider policy of employee empowerment. The duties of an organization towards employees, customers, society and the environment Benefits to Society Problems such as unemployment and pollution are likely to be reduced Quality of life is likely to be improved Society longer term needs are likely to be considered rather than simply the short term needs of a business Life and business activity will be easier if everyone involved s working together for the common good Simply the right thing to do.Firms have a duty to be concerned with the wider impact of their activities Benefits to Firms Improved financial performance Reduced operating costs due to greater recycling Enhanced brand image and reputation which could bring in more customers, trading partners and makes it easier to attract capital investment Increased sales and customer loyalty Increased ability to attract and retain employees Access to capit al Arguments against CARS Efficient use or resources is likely to be reduced if business are restricted by how hey can produce and where they can locate which could lead to higher costs and prices Socially responsible policies can be costly to introduce Stakeholders tend to have differing objectives and are therefore unlikely to agree on what is socially responsible behavior Social responsibility may be Just a passing fashion and nobody can be sure of the value of firms being socially responsible During a recession the objectives are profit and survival – social responsibility doesn't matter here If something is important to society at large it can be argued that the overspent should pass laws to ensure everybody acts responsibly Just an extension of a firm being market orientated, meaning its only done as the customer wants it Overall, in the long term, CARS could benefit businesses, as the local community may improve in terms of wealth, quality of life and standard of livin g, meaning the firm could also benefit. Most large firms will produce an ethical code of practice. This will uphold the firms social responsibilities. This might include being environmentally-friendly wherever possible. Cutbacks CARS; giving back to the environment Environmental mission statement;Understanding environmental issues and sharing these with staff Striving to buy, sell and use environmentally-friendly products Recognize that fiscal responsibility is essential to our environment future Installing environmental responsibility at a corporate value Example; serve high quality coffee that is ethically traded and responsibly grown. They do this through forest conservation efforts and farmer Why be ethical Marketing opportunities: A good reputation in relation to environmental issues can act as a positive marketing tool that encourages customers to choose one brand over another. They can also build a loyal customer base through USPS. Financial opportunities: Can actually make i t easier to get money off certain banks – banks like Cooperative will not lend money to firms with a reputation for damaging the environment. Lower costs through recycling and less waste.Human resources opportunities: Motivation, attract the best workers who want to work for a company with high standards. Poor reputation can damage reputation and the ability to attract high quality applicants Why not be ethical; More expensive to source raw materials, more expensive capital goods to cut pollution, Training workers to be ethical costs money, losing custom from more ruthless competitors Ethics or Public Relations? Public Relations – Activities to boost the public profiles of an organization Public relations usually involves obtaining favorable publicity via the press, television or radio. Unlike advertising, it is not paid for and there is no control over its content.When a business behaves ethically it may be good for PR. It has been suggested that the good PR is the ma in reason for ethical behavior – it can help enhance the image of a business and is likely to generate more goodwill. This in turn will lead to improved sales and may eventually boost the company's share value. Example; Foxing (public relations)(benefits of not being ethical) Criticized for polluting nearby rivers with factory chemicals, black-green water dumped twice a day. Foxing said it is complying with emission standards and bring the factories into full compliance with policies and that other companies within the same industrial park are dumping water into the rivers too.This shows they are stating that their complying with emission standards for public relations because really they onto want to lose their competitive advantage from more ruthless competitors; doing it to save costs, generate profitability quick, keep costs low, keep up with demand etc†¦ More evidence that they care more about public relations is that they installed solving underlying problem of sui cide so the social responsibility doesn't reflect genuine values, don't care about their staff, only care about deadlines and money. Example Primary: (genuine values) The roof of their factory in Bangladesh collapsed, killing more than 1000 people.Long-term compensation and support services for the errors and families who were working in the factory payments end this month ($mm) = High cash outflows so less revenue. They also had building surveys to assess the structural integrity of factories which means they are addressing the underlying problem. However this may not actually affect Primary, this may be cheaper in the long term than paying their staff higher wages; a significant variable cost. This shows that corporate social responsibility is Just a form of public relations and a way to back their reputation and offer a method to ‘shut them up'. Could be because of public relations?

Difference Between the Canadian and the American Movements

Canada's fight for independence was difference from that of the United States. Canada gradually evolved peacefully as a nation while the United States became an independent country through a war. During 1867, a Confederation of six colonies of the British North American joined to form a new country, Canada. Gradually, the military, financial and administrative support from the British slowly reduced as the new formed country took charge and more responsibility in the control of its future and destiny.This was strengthened by Canada sending many troops to fight with Britain and its participation in the First World War. Great Britain's application of the Statute of Westminster to its dominions from the Acts of Parliament, granted along with Canada, New Zealand, the Irish, Newfoundland, Union of South Africa, and Australia full independence. This statute only consecrated practices that had already been established firmly by Great Britain. With Canada, the road to independence began with Britain's grant of a responsible government and finally legislature to its colonies from the period of 1847 to 1848.The crowning of the Confederation in 1867 had the intention and purpose of giving Britain's dominions the complete control of their governance and internal affairs. These lead to the gradual takeover of the colony's governments from Great Britain's control. The most critical event that fostered Canada's independence was the withdrawal of British Armies in 1871 from Canada, followed by the Washington Treaty which took place in the same year. The treaty included a Canadian who joined the British negotiating team that would lead to deliberations and the signing of the treaty on Canada's behalf.These events led to the development and establishment of a Supreme Court in Canada in 1875. This process was accelerated by the First World War with the support of Canada to Great Britain's troops in the war. Canada grew and evolved in the international scene during the period of p ost-World War. The country participated in the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and was also elected to be a member in the League of Nations. Great Britain recognized its former colonies to be autonomous communities as was the British Empire through the Balfour resolution of 1926.The Dominions were considered as equal in status and were not subordinate in any way with reference to aspects that pertained to their external or domestic affairs. They were recognized to be members of the British Commonwealth of Nations united by their common allegiance by 1931. The American Revolutionary War occurred between the period of 1775 and 1783. This conflict erupted and war broke out between the revolutionaries who were the thirteen British colonies and Great Britain, who declared their intention for independence like the United States of America in the year 1776.The war was accelerated by the rising revolutions that were undertaking in the colonies in the struggle against economic an d political policies imposed by the British Empire. The war spread out far and wide, further than the British North America. The conflicts made many Native Americans to be divided along the war lines and they fought on each side of the conflict. The British used their naval superiority to capture territories and occupy them, mostly the coastal cities. They could not control the countryside where the majority of the people lived.In 1777, America gained victory at Saratoga which compounded the revolution and escalated with the entrance of Spain, France and Netherlands war against Great Britain. With the participation of the French, triumphant naval victory was witnessed in Chesapeake in 1781 leading to a decisive surrender of the British army at Yorktown. In 1783, the independence of America was recognized by the Treaty of Paris. Colonists were divided in the American revolutionary on which side they would support the war with some areas experiencing civil war in their struggles.The c olonists loyal to Britain departed from America and settled in other British colonies mostly Canada, to evade the conflicts with the revolutionaries. When the war commenced, the American revolutionaries did not have a standing army and relied on traditional defense systems where each colony used local militia tactics and methods. This affected their extended operations in the fight coupled with the fact that the militia groups did not have the adequate training and discipline that is mandatory for regular soldiers.Though they sometimes succeeded to suppress loyalist activity and occasionally against the British troops. This plight led Americans to seek ways that they would coordinate military efforts and train a regular army. In 1778, the North America colonial rebellion translated into an international war, where France joined United States after learning the Saratoga victory. Spain joined the war as allies of France in 1779 while Netherlands in 1780 as combatants. The three countr ies were disquietly giving financial aid to the revolutionaries since the commencement of the war, to mitigate Britain's emerging status as a uperpower. Britain had superior naval strength over the American revolutionaries, but with entrance of the French, it contested the British superiority. Spain joined the war with the mission of invading England to recapture Minorca and Gibraltar. The Canadian government was created based on parliamentary democracy which had strong democratic traditions with the Queen of Canada as the head of state and a federal system of government. Canada's constitution governs the lawful structure of the country's traditions and conventions.The Senate of Canada does not have adequate power to oppose or initiate legislation because it is selected by the Prime Minister. However, the United States has a regionally elected senate therefore there is equal power in the regions which make it more unified as a country as opposed to Canada which lacks the balance. Th e president's power in the U. S is balanced in the Senate and the House of Representatives. Historians have often developed theories that would explain the loss of Great Britain in the war which they were expected to win.The Empire had military advantages from the beginning primarily because of the naval superiority and professional regular military over its Dominions like America. The major disadvantage that faced them was the distance in shipping supplies and troops across the Atlantic Ocean. The Americans had the advantage of local sources of food and manpower and knowledge of the territory unlike the British who were compounded by logistical problems. Bibliography Black, J. (2001). War for America: The Fight for Independence. Analysis from a noted British military historian. Sutton Publishing. UK.

current-traditional rhetoric - definition and examples

current-traditional rhetoric - definition and examples Definition Current-traditional rhetoric is a  disparaging term for the textbook-based methods of composition instruction popular in the U.S. during the first two-thirds of the 20th century. Robert J. Connors (see below) has suggested that a more neutral term, composition-rhetoric, be used instead. Sharon Crowley, professor of rhetoric and composition at Arizona State University,  has observed that current-traditional rhetoric is a direct descendant of the work of the British new rhetoricians. During the greater part of the 19th century, their texts constituted a fundamental part of rhetorical instruction in American colleges (The Methodical Memory: Invention in Current-Traditional Rhetoric, 1990). The expression current-traditional rhetoric was coined by Daniel Fogarty in  Roots for a New Rhetoric  (1959) and popularized by Richard Young in the late 1970s. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Five-Paragraph EssayModels of CompositionModes of Discourse Composition, Composition-Rhetoric, and Composition Studies New Rhetoric Rhetoric Examples and Observations In The Principles of Rhetoric and Their Application (1878), the first and most popular of his six textbooks, [Adams Sherman] Hill emphasizes features that have come to be identified with current-traditional rhetoric: formal correctness, elegance of style, and the modes of discourse: description, narration, exposition, and argument. Persuasion, for Hill, becomes only a useful adjunct to argument, invention only a system of management in a rhetoric devoted to arrangement and style.(Kimberly Harrison, Contemporary Composition Studies. Greenwood, 1999) Characteristics of Current-Traditional RhetoricCurrent-traditional rhetoric is  characterized by its emphasis on the formal features of the finished product of composing. The current-traditional essay employs a rigorous movement from general to specific. It displays a thesis sentence or paragraph, three or more paragraphs of supporting examples or data, and a paragraph each of introduction and conclusion.(Sharown Crowley, Current-Traditi onal Rhetoric.  Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by  Theresa Enos. Routledge, 1996) A Non-RhetoricDespite the name given it by historians,  current-traditional rhetoric is  not a rhetoric at all. Current-traditional textbooks display no interest in suiting discourses to the occasions for which they are composed. Rather, they collapse every composing occasion into an ideal in which authors, readers, and messages are alike undistinguished. What matters in current-traditional rhetoric is form. Current-traditional pedagogy forces students to repeatedly display their use of institutionally sanctioned forms. Failure to master the sanctioned forms signals some sort of character flaw such as laziness or inattention. . . .Current-traditional textbooks nearly always began with consideration of the smallest units of discourse: words and sentences. This suggests that their authors, and the teachers for whom they wrote, were anxious to correct two features of students discourse: usage and grammar.(Sharon Crowley, Literature and Composition: Not Separate but Certainly Unequa l.  Composition in the University: Historical and Polemical Essays.  University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998) A Convenient Whipping BoyCurrent-traditional rhetoric became the default term for the tradition of rhetoric that appeared specifically to inform the composition courses of the latter nineteenth century and the twentieth century up through the 1960s. . . . Current-traditional rhetoric as a term seemed to indicate both the outmoded nature and the continuing power of older textbook-based writing pedagogies. . . .Current-traditional rhetoric became a convenient whipping boy, the term of choice after 1985 for describing whatever in nineteenth- and twentieth-century rhetorical or pedagogical history any given author found wanting. Got a contemporary problem? Blame it on current-traditional rhetoric. . . .What we have reified as a unified current-traditional rhetoric is in reality, not a unified or an unchanging reality.(Robert J. Connors, Composition-Rhetoric. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997)

Science Class Question-and-Answer Warmup Topics

Science Class Question-and-Answer Warmup Topics Looking for some quick and easy reviews  to make sure your students are paying attention in science class? Heres  is a list of short question-and-answer topics  that can be used in any general high-school level science class. These can be used for general topic review, pop quizzes, or combined for a subject exam.   Week One - Biology 1. What are the steps of the scientific method?   Answer: making observations, forming a hypothesis, experimenting and drawing conclusionsContinued Below... 2. What do the following scientific prefixes mean?bio, entomo, exo, gen, micro, ornitho, zoo Answer: bio-life, entomo-insect, exo-outside, gen-beginning or origin, micro-small, ornitho-bird, zoo-animal 3. What is the standard unit of measurement in the International System of Measurement? Answer: Meter 4. What is the difference between weight and mass? Answer: Weight is the measure of gravitational force one object has on another. Weight can change based on the amount of gravity. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is constant. 5. What is the standard unit of volume? Answer: Liter Week Two - Biology 1. What is the hypothesis of biogenesis?Answer: It states that living things can only come from living things. Francisco Redi(1626-1697) did experiments with flies and meat to support this hypothesis. 2. Name three scientists that did experiments related to the hypothesis of biogenesis? Answer: Francisco Redi (1626-1697), John Needham (1713-1781), Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799), Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) 3. What are the characteristics of living things? Answer: Life is cellular, uses energy, grows, metabolizes, reproduces, responds to the environment and moves. 4. What are the two types of reproduction? Answer: Asexual reproduction and Sexual reproduction 5. Describe one way in which a plant responds to stimuli Answer: A plant can angle or move towards a light source. Some sensitive plants will actually curl their leaves after being touched. Week Three - Basic Chemistry 1. What are the three main subatomic particles of the atom?   Answer: proton, neutron, and electron 2. What is an ion? Answer: An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. This gives the atom a positive or negative charge. 3. A compound is matter composed of two or more elements chemically bonded. What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond? Answer: covalent - electrons are shared; ionic - electrons are transferred. 4. A mixture is two or more distinct substances that are mixed together but are not chemically bonded. What is the difference between a homogenous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture? Answer: homogenous - The substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. An example would be a solution.heterogeneous - The substances are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture. An example would be a suspension.   5. If household ammonia has a pH of 12, is it an acid or a base? Answer: base Week Four - Basic Chemistry 1. What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?   Answer: Organic compounds have carbon. 2. What are the three elements that are in the organic compounds called carbohydrates? Answer: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 3. What are the building blocks of proteins? Answer: amino acids 4. State the Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy. Answer: Mass is neither created or destroyed.Energy is neither created or destroyed.   5. When does a skydiver have the greatest potential energy? When does a skydiver have the greatest kinetic energy? Answer: Potential - when he is leaning out of the plane about to jump.Kinetic - when he is plummeting to the earth. Week Five - Cell Biology 1. Which scientist is given credit for being the first to observe and identify cells?   Answer: Robert Hooke 2. What types of cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles and are the oldest known forms of life? Answer: Prokaryotes 3. Which organelle controls a cells activities? Answer: Nucleus 4. Which organelles are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce energy? Answer: Mitochondria   5. Which organelle is responsible for the production of protein?   Answer: Ribosomes Week Six - Cells and Cellular Transport 1. In the plant cell, what organelle is responsible for the production of food?   Answer: Chloroplasts 2. What is the main purpose of the cell membrane? Answer: It helps to regulate the passage of materials between the wall and its environment. 3. What do we call the process when a sugar cube dissolves in a cup of water? Answer: Diffusion 4. Osmosis is a type of diffusion. However, what is being diffused in osmosis? Answer: Water   5. What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?   Answer: Endocytosis - the process that cells use to take in large molecules that can not fit through the cell membrane. Exocytosis - the process that cells use to expel large molecules from the cell. Week Seven - Cell Chemistry 1. Would you classify human beings as autotrophs or heterotrophs?   Answer: We are heterotrophs because we gain our food from other sources. 2. What do we collectively call all the reactions taking place in a cell? Answer: Metabolism 3. What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions? Answer: Anabolic - simple substances join to make more complex ones. Catabolic - complex substances are broken down to make simpler ones. 4. Is the burning of wood an endergonic or exergonic reaction? Explain why. Answer: The burning of wood is an exergonic reaction because energy is given off or released in the form of heat. An endergonic reaction uses energy.   5. What are enzymes?   Answer: They are special proteins that act as catalysts in a chemical reaction. Week Eight - Cellular Energy 1. What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?   Answer: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen. Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen. 2. Glycolysis occurs when glucose is changed into this acid. What is the acid?   Answer: Pyruvic Acid 3. What is the main difference between ATP and ADP? Answer: ATP or adenosine triphosphate has one more phosphate group than adenosine diphosphate. 4. Most autotrophs use this process to make food. The process literally translated means putting together light. What do we call this process? Answer: photosynthesis   5. What is the green pigment in the cells of plants called?   Answer: chlorophyll Week Nine - Mitosis and Meiosis 1. Name the five phases of mitosis.   Answer: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase 2. What do we call the division of the cytoplasm?   Answer: cytokinesis 3. In what type of cell division does the chromosome number reduce by one half and gametes form? Answer: meiosis 4. Name the male and female gametes and the process that creates each of them. Answer: female gametes - ova or eggs - oogenesismale gametes - sperm - spermatogenesis   5. Explain the differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to the daughter cells.   Answer: mitosis - two daughter cells that are identical to each other and the parent cellmeiosis - four daughter cells that contain a varying combination of chromosomes and that are not identical to the parent cells   Week Ten - DNA and RNA 1. Nucleotides are the basis of the DNA molecule. Name the components of a nucleotide.   Answer: Phosphate groups, deoxyribose (a five-carbon sugar) and nitrogenous bases. 2. What is the spiral shape of a DNA molecule called?   Answer: double helix 3. Name the four nitrogenous bases and correctly pair them with one another.   Answer: Adenine always bonds with thymine.Cytosine always bonds with guanine.   4. What is the process that produces RNA from the information in DNA? Answer: transcription 5. RNA contains the base uracil. What base does it replace from DNA? Answer: thymine   Week Eleven - Genetics 1. Name the Austrian Monk that laid the foundation for the study of modern genetics.   Answer: Gregor Mendel 2. What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?   Answer: Homozygous - occurs when the two genes for a trait are the same.Heterozygous - occurs when the two genes for a trait are different, also known as a hybrid. 3. What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes? Answer: Dominant - genes that prevent the expression of another gene.Recessive - genes that are suppressed.   4. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? Answer: Genotype is the genetic makeup of the organism.Phenotype is the outward appearance of the organism. 5. In a particular flower, red is dominant over white. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with another heterozygous plant, what will be the genotypic and phenotypic ratios? You may use a Punnett square to find your answer. Answer: genotypic ratio 1/4 RR, 1/2 Rr, 1/4 rrphenotypic ratio 3/4 Red, 1/4 White   Week Twelve - Applied Genetics Week Twelve Science Warm-Ups: 1. What do we call the changes in hereditary material? Answer: mutations 2. What are the two basic types of mutations? Answer: chromosomal alteration and gene mutation 3. What is the common name for the condition trisomy 21 which occurs because a person has an extra chromosome? Answer: Down Syndrome 4. What do we call the process of crossing animals or plants with desirable characteristics to produce offspring with the same desirable characteristics? Answer: selective breeding 5. The process of forming genetically identical offspring from a single cell is in the news a great deal. What do we call this process. Also, explain if you think it is a good thing. Answer: cloning; answers will vary Week Thirteen - Evolution 1. What do we call the process of new life evolving from pre-existing lifeforms?   Answer: evolution 2. What organism is often classified as a transitional form between reptiles and birds?   Answer: Archaeopteryx 3. What French scientist of the early nineteenth century put forth the hypothesis of use and disuse to explain evolution? Answer: Jean Baptiste Lamarck   4. What islands off the coast of Ecuador were the topic of study for Charles Darwin? Answer: Galapagos Islands 5. An adaptation is an inherited trait that makes an organism better able to survive. Name three types of adaptations. Answer: morphological, physiological, behavioral   Week Fourteen - History of Life 1. What is chemical evolution?   Answer: The process by which inorganic and simple organic compounds change into more complex compounds. 2. Name the three periods of the Mesozoic period.   Answer: Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic 3. Adaptive radiation is the rapid expansion of many new species. What group probably experienced adaptive radiation at the beginning of the Paleocene epoch? Answer: mammals   4. There are two competing ideas to explain the mass extinction of dinosaurs. Name the two ideas. Answer: meteor impact hypothesis and climate change hypothesis 5. Horses, donkeys and zebras have a common ancestor in the Pliohippus. Over time these species have become different from each other. What is this pattern of evolution called? Answer: divergence   Week Fifteen - Classification 1. What is the term for the science of classification?   Answer: taxonomy 2. Name the Greek philosopher that introduced the term species.   Answer: Aristotle 3. Name the scientist that created a classification system using species, genus and kingdom. Also tell what he called his naming system. Answer: Carolus Linnaeus; binomial nomenclature   4. According to the hierarchical system of classification there are seven major categories. Name them in order from largest to smallest. Answer: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 5. What are the five kingdoms? Answer: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia   Week Sixteen - Viruses 1. What is a virus?   Answer: A very small particle made up of nucleic acid and protein. 2. What are the two classes of viruses?   Answer: RNA viruses and DNA viruses 3. In viral replication, what do we call the bursting of the cell? Answer: lysis   4. What are the phages called that cause lysis in their hosts? Answer: virulent phages 5. What are short naked strands of RNA with similarities to viruses called? Answer: viroids   Week Seventeen - Bacteria 1. What is a colony?   Answer: A group of celss that are similar and attached to one another. 2. What two pigments do all blue-green bacteria have in common?   Answer: Phycocyanin (blue) and Chlorophyll (green) 3. Name the three groups that most bacteria are divided into. Answer: cocci - spheres; bacilli - rods; spirilla - spirals   4. What is the process by which most bacteria cells divide? Answer: binary fission 5. Name two ways that bacteria exchange genetic material. Answer: conjugation and transformation   Week Eighteen - The Protists 1. What type of organisms make up kingdom Protista?   Answer: simple eukaryotic organisms. 2. Which subkingdom of the protists contain algal protists, which contains fungal protists and which contain animallike protists?   Answer: Protophyta, Gymnomycota, and Protozoa 3. What structure(s) do Euglenoids use to move around? Answer: flagella   4. What are cilia and which Phylum is made up of one-celled organisms that have man of them? Answer: Cilia are short hairlike extensions from a cell; Phylum Ciliata 5. Name two diseases caused by protozoans. Answer: malaria and dysentery   Week Nineteen - Fungi 1. What is a group or network of fungal hyphae called?   Answer: mycelium 2. What are the four phyla of fungi?   Answer: oomycota, zygomycota, ascomycota, basidiomycota 3. What are the land dwelling zygomycota often known as? Answer: molds and blights   4. Name the British scientist that discovered penicillin in 1928. Answer: Dr. Alexander Fleming 5. Name three common products that are the result of fungal activity. Answer: Ex: alcohol, bread, cheese, antibiotics, etc.

Tips for Working With Students With Severe Handicaps

Tips for Working With Students With Severe Handicaps Typically, children with severe handicaps have behavior concerns and minimal ability or cannot perform or havent yet learned many of the basic self-help skills. Some sources of research estimate that somewhere between 0.2-0.5% of school-aged children are identified as having a severe handicap. Although this population is low, times have changed and these children are rarely excluded from public education. They are, in fact, a part of special education. After all, with the incredible growing technologies and trained professionals, we can hold higher expectations than previously possible before. Handicaps Usually, children with severe handicaps are born with it, some of the etiologies and causes include: Chromosomal abnormalitiesPostnatal difficultiesGestational (prematurity)Maldevelopment of the brain and or spinal cordInfectionsGenetic disordersInjuries from accidents Problems With Inclusion There are still major issues related to inclusion of students with severe handicaps. Many teachers dont feel they have the professional training required to meet their needs, schools are often not adequately equipped to meet their needs, and more research needs to be done to determine how best their educational needs can be met. However, the reality is that these children have a right to be included in all aspects of society. Teacher Tips for Working with Children with Severe Handicaps Prior to supporting the specific goal, it is important to make sure you have their attention. Typically, youll be using a very direct teaching method.As much as possible, use grade appropriate materials.Identify some clear goals/expectations and stick with it. It takes a great deal of time to see success in most cases.Be consistent and have predictable routines for everything you do.Make sure that everything is relevant to the child you are working with.Be sure to track progress carefully, which will help you define when the child is ready for the next milestone.Remember that these children dont often generalize, so be sure to teach the skill in a variety of settings.When the child has reached the goal, be sure to use the skill regularly to ensure mastery of the skill continues. In summary, you are a very important person in this childs life. Be patient, willing and warm at all times.

A College Graduate as a Candidate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A College Graduate as a Candidate - Assignment Example Graduates are the ones who are more exposed to different areas and attained a specific level of knowledge. It gives you more confidence about the business and assigning them to a certain task. An exam and a face-to-face interview are some of the best ways to assess the qualities of the job seeker. The exam can come in different forms; written or oral, personality tests, academic and logical. Exams can be a good reference of the quality of their skills while an interview can give you a hint on what characteristics a candidate have through the flow of the conversation. It also gives you the chance to know his goals and emotional state, on how much he can carry responsibilities of his job. Specifically, skill assessments can be a powerful tool to enhance the jobseeker’s potentials and hidden talents for upcoming tasks. It will open the opportunities to both parties (job seeker and recruiter) and will eventually pay a great dividend. A recruiter may put the jobseeker in a mock situation where he could foresee what awaits in the position and through this, skills might be shown and the recruiter could have the chance to evaluate such skills. A high salary is important because it strengthens the productivity of an employee. Recruitment-wise, a high salary serves as the basis of how much standard a job has and how important the position in a company is treated. Of course, a potential hire would go for a job that pays well. It is necessary to treat money as the major compensation an employee gets a job well done. A salary should match the job description, as well as the qualities of the employee. It is a powerful motivator to affect the behavior of a person and reach through the incentives of his goals. Thus, potential hires should be offered a high salary to get the best quality of work and have a high productivity (Rynes et al., 2004). A great manager knows how to handle all the areas.

Greg is a property developer who specialises in building new houses Coursework

Greg is a property developer who specialises in building new houses and flats. His current project is the renovation of a statel - Coursework Example This report seeks to illuminate the weaknesses and strengths of Mr. Greg’s case of suing Sprewfits’ and his quest to receive compensation for damages upon the breaching of the contract terms. Mr. Greg ripped one of the pipes from the plastic and made an observation based on sight. Section 15 clearly states that if items are bought in a large amount or bulk and tests a sample of the item the supplier has to make sure that all the remaining should correspond with the sample1. The act clearly states that the buyer checks a small number and verifies the delivery goods. Mr. Greg rips one off and verifies it out. Apparently it happens to be one of the best pipes. If Mr. Greg would have checked for a couple more others, there is the probability that he would have seen at least one default pipe and reject the goods, but because of the trust in his supplier, one was all it took. In this case, an assumption was correctly made by Mr. Greg. The product looked okay prompting him to sign the delivery report, from which he made an assumption that all the pipes were all correct; in this case, an assumption of reasonableness. 25% of the pipes proved defective; they were either large or bent beyond use and most of them did not go in line with the sample. This does not make the cut under the contract of sale of goods act, by law these pipes have to be compensated even though there is no legal and direct warranty. Mr. Greg can however, have the terms of the contract withdrawn in case one of the parties takes advantage of the terms of the contract. According to the unfair contract terms of 1979, a contract of terms may be rendered useless or the contract withdrawn if one of the parties seems to make a deliberate breach knowing that the contract covers to protect his breach. The law has the power to render the contract powerless with the fact that Sprewfit intentionally delivered wrong goods as per the contract terms. In this case, Mr. Greg may have the contract nullif ied and have the faulty goods replaced with quality ones. Sprewfit is liable for replacement and compensation of the faulty good to Mr. Greg. According to the Unfair contract terms act 1979, subject to section 2 of the negligence of liability2. The act makes it clear that the a person can not be referred to a contract term when he or she intentionally breaches the agreement; and then claim to have the contract restrict him from liability for negligence, in this case it has resulted in a loss and a damage. This act makes Sprewfits responsible for the results of his act of negligence and is entitled to compensate Mr. Greg on the related sections. Mr. Greg describes the kind of pipes he needed to Ajay as 10mill in diameter, 1000 meters in total length and of high temperature resistance. Section 13 (1) provides that where the buyer is sold commodities by description, the goods must be in line with this description, for instance the Harlington v Christopher Hull case. He did not get that , if in any case the supplier had brought the right pipes and they were damaged then it would be considered as negligence on Mr. Greg’

Asthma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Asthma - Essay Example Industrialization has not only influenced lifestyles, environmental changes but also predisposed alteration in genes as individuals are now exposed to numerous environmental agents encompassing tobacco, smoke, pollen etc (Gilmour et al., 2006). These factors contributed to the augmented frequency of asthma. According to Umetsu and Dekruyff (2006), numerous research studies reveal that avid T-helper 2 (Th2)- driven responses results in asthma proliferation. CD4+ T cells making Th2 cytokines play an imperative role in lungs of asthma patients. The chief reason is interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 augments the level of (immunoglobulin E) IgE whereas IL-4, IL-9 and IL-10 augment mast cell proliferation, IL-5 enhances eosinophil accretion while IL-9 and IL-13 directly cause mucus hyper-secretion and airway hyperactivity (Umetsu and Dekruyff, 2006). These studies highlight the fact that allergy and asthma are compound genetic attributes, however in the proliferation of asthma numerous environmental factors encompassing allergens and pollutants play an imperative role. These act as stimulating factors and trigger genes to influence the propagation of asthma. It is evident that every individual is exposed to the allergens and other triggering agents but the condition of asthma is observed only in some sensitive individuals, underlining the importance of interaction between environmental and genetic factors in the development of asthma condition. Other preventive mechanism involves immunological factors that play the necessary role in preventing allergic and asthma condition needs further exploration (Umetsu and Dekruyff, 2006). Signs & Symptoms Coughing, wheezing, congestion or tightness in chest and difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath. Etiology According to Yeatts et al., (2006), reports are available displaying numer ous windows of exposure present the onset of asthma condition. These conditions may be witnessed right from the fetal stage in utero condition, which is directly influenced by the timing of T-cell memory programming as well as genetic predispositions to such conditions especially in case of atopic parents because of underdeveloped immune system of the fetus. Maternal smoking (includes nicotine and carbon monoxide which diminishes blood cytokine levels, stiffens the uteroplacental circulation and augments the discharge of catecholamines, a direct implication on fetal breathing movements), consumption of alcohol during pregnancy drastically influence the development of asthma, followed by the condition of obstetric complications and elective cesarean section. Asthma during childhood is attributed in 80% of the cases to genetic susceptibility where males show 2-4 times greater frequency as compared to the females. In adults asthma is attributed to the environmental conditions, lifestyl e, smoking habit and occupational hazard. As the age progresses exposure to environmental conditions and also occupational hazard increases which may augment the chances of asthma proliferation (Yeatts et al., 2006). According to Khetsuriani et al, (2008), there is a relationship between human rhinovirus (HRV) and asthma. Molecular characterization methodology was adopted in the study to examine HRVs in asthma cases.

Analytical Paper Assignment (Syria and Ukraine) Essay

Analytical Paper Assignment (Syria and Ukraine) - Essay Example This paper discloses the current conflicts in Syria and Ukraine. It describes the roles of the main leading countries in these conflicts. The past events in Syria and Ukraine prove that imperialism is no longer relevant. It is no longer easier for powerful countries to increase their power by exercising control over the rest of the world. America, for instance, prefers not to intervene in the military actions of Syria mainly because they want to maintain a neutral stance, and projects a good international policy of not meddling in the affairs of other nations. The American foreign policy is such that it justifies military action if there is substantial evidence that the countries such as Syria and Ukraine pose a threat to world security. The Ukrainian geopolitical realities are quite different, indicating likely risks of cold war. There is also likelihood of power rivalry. The international law viewpoint considers Syria and Ukraine as trying to make an ambiguous case in trying to declare their sovereignty, the west thinks, yet there is a legal act that that has is valid from 60 years ago (Kristof 27). The self-determination remains inapplicable because its exercise would fragment an existing state-Ukraine. The same nation was a member of United Nations. Such world orders are now challenged by such functional considerations as climate change, sustainability, and weapons of mass destruction-and by normative contemplation connected with equity, human rights and survival of species (Cooper p29).

Discuss and explain how printing affected the authority held by the Essay

Discuss and explain how printing affected the authority held by the church and the aristocracy in the Europe and how this led to profound social and political changes - Essay Example The practical value of literacy would at all times be essential. The ultimate practical use was apparently in the purposes of the Church, since merely a knowledgeable clergy may be the authorities of religious life. In other words, literacy was the Church’s protection, which had supreme control over education. The invention of printing, entailing more efficient and more economical means of book production, transformed the dilemma of illiteracy. Francis Bacon, living in the period directly after the introduction of Gutenberg’s printing press, illustrated as one of the remarkable inventions of the century which had revolutionized the form and condition of the entire world (Hill 2001). The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of the printing press on the authority of the Church and aristocracy in Europe as well as its contribution in the profound social and political changes that the continent experienced in the iron century. The absolute goal of making the population literate was to persuade them of the rightness of their own points of view. The period of the Counter Reformation can hence be viewed as an extended practice in the development of methods of persuasion. It was the printed ideas, circulated through manuscripts, newspapers and pamphlets that eventually surfaced as the most persuasive technique of propaganda. In the Middle Ages, the pulpit had been the primary arbiter of public judgment, and this important role persisted all over the seventeenth century. Unparalleled victory was attained by the clerics of the Counter Reformation, who, through this method originated the remarkable progresses initiated by Lutherans through the effective exploitation of the pulpit. Sermons realized a twofold victory, further. They were transmitted by word of mouth; then, they were printed and circulated in order to get to an even wider audience (Kamen 1971). So

Analytical Paper Assignment (Syria and Ukraine) Essay

Analytical Paper Assignment (Syria and Ukraine) - Essay Example This paper discloses the current conflicts in Syria and Ukraine. It describes the roles of the main leading countries in these conflicts. The past events in Syria and Ukraine prove that imperialism is no longer relevant. It is no longer easier for powerful countries to increase their power by exercising control over the rest of the world. America, for instance, prefers not to intervene in the military actions of Syria mainly because they want to maintain a neutral stance, and projects a good international policy of not meddling in the affairs of other nations. The American foreign policy is such that it justifies military action if there is substantial evidence that the countries such as Syria and Ukraine pose a threat to world security. The Ukrainian geopolitical realities are quite different, indicating likely risks of cold war. There is also likelihood of power rivalry. The international law viewpoint considers Syria and Ukraine as trying to make an ambiguous case in trying to declare their sovereignty, the west thinks, yet there is a legal act that that has is valid from 60 years ago (Kristof 27). The self-determination remains inapplicable because its exercise would fragment an existing state-Ukraine. The same nation was a member of United Nations. Such world orders are now challenged by such functional considerations as climate change, sustainability, and weapons of mass destruction-and by normative contemplation connected with equity, human rights and survival of species (Cooper p29).

Emergency room overcrowding Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Emergency room overcrowding - Thesis Example he research will involve the collection and analysis of primary and secondary data with an aim of determining the gravity of the matter, its impacts on service delivery, and to determine the best possible way to tackle this problem. Overcrowding of public and private facilities in different locations and regions is not an uncommon phenomenon. Unfortunately, when people overcrowd a facility or place, several negative things may happen. Some diseases, for one, are easily spread from one individual to the other through the air. Yet again, overcrowding in many cases leads to inefficiency and those who are charged with the duty of providing service may be hampered in their bid to provide their vital services as noted by Gupta, Sharma and Wickramasinghe (2005). Yet again, overcrowding may present vital opportunity to ill minded individuals to engage in certain unethical activities including pick pocketing as noted by Miller (2010). Hospitals being places that are visited mainly by people from various diverse backgrounds have not been exempted from experiencing problems related to overcrowding. In fact, the last couple of years have seen more emergency rooms facing overcrowding. This has led to health experts ringing an alarm over the risks that people expose themselves to due to this worrying trend. There may be many causes of overcrowding in the emergency room as noted by several experts in diverse fields. Some of these causes include higher acuity and need for more complex treatments in some hospitals, rising number of older patients, the existence of fewer healthcare facilities and rising need for emergency cases according to the Joint Commission Resources (2004). While a number of studies have been conducted with respect to hospitals and emergency rooms, very few have been conducted with an aim of addressing the problem of crowding. There are several causes of emergency room overcrowding most of which can be significantly eliminated through the realignment and

Interest groups in the U.S. politics Essay Example for Free

Interest groups in the U.S. politics Essay The United States is a democratic country, which supports non-violent political and social movements, seeking different improvements in the U. S. domestic and international policies. That is to say, the requirements of interest groups are not always met, because whereas various types of interest groups are acknowledged, there still exist those factions, which have narrow social base and whose political presentation is limited in scope, as a rule, to financial interests of their members. For instance, the sugar lobbies (such as SIG) represent the opinion of 10, 000 -15,000 farmers, who call for the restriction of import of sugar and for the special social programs for sugar farmers. Such factions are usually intended as those with narrow interests and their founders and members lobby these interests in special moments and periods, when the atmosphere becomes more conductive for promotion –for instance, when they find out that the imported sugar does not fir into the international quality standards, or before the elections (Elhauge, 2002). Special interest groups are usually distinguished from â€Å"constituency-representing organizations, which have a broad social base, address a wide range of issues, and balance members’ interests with a strong commitment to the commonwealth† (Etzioni, 1990, p. 172). These organizations might pursue such non-financial interests as those related to social status, value issues in addition to financial ones, for instance the Urban League represents the interests of urban residents and seek environmental, social and political changes in large cities. â€Å"While the public views interest groups as threatening pluralistic democracy, the conventional wisdom of political science has seen them as beneficial† (ibid). In fact, it is possible to assume from the present situation, that the most beneficial activity is related to the constituency-representation. Furthermore, special interest groups are likely to bring problems to larger factions, due to dynamic interactions between political parties, movements and non-profit organizations. Small factions pursuing narrow goals are also more likely to use ‘black PR’ technologies, directed to changing public attitudes towards certain political parties and either to increase or to decrease loyalty rates. On the other hand, the eradication of small ‘narrowly-specialized’ factions is neither possible nor useful, as the statement that competing factions (Mcwilliams, 1988) are likely to reduce each other, is valid only for small groups, whose interests are temporary. On the contrary, constituency-representing organizations are more likely to produce long-term programs including political, economic, social and cultural dimensions of human life. â€Å"The balance between interest groups and the shared polity is maintained most effectively when the pro-community forces rise up, but not higher than, the level they are able to contain but not suppress interest groups† (Mcwilliams, 1988, A9). Moreover, the role of factions is viewed in the context of the historical development of the United States. Over the last three decades, the American political institutions have become less integrated, and the power of factions has increased. On the other hand, due to the growth of their number, it is much more difficult nowadays to maintain the balance between the main political course and the consent between the state and narrower interest groups (Etzioni, 1990). It would be also important to mention the functions of interest groups. First of all they serve as a supplementary force that intensifies the public opinion representation, especially during the electoral process. Moreover, they make the political process more receptive comparing to the electoral process, which is intended as a domination of majorities, while factions are more likely to have goals, which are cohesive with the main wishes of social and national minorities; and thus they serve as a mediating force standing between the person and the state. Interest groups are known to improve the disproportionate separation of the legislative and the executive branches, because their propositions of legislative changes are logically supplemented by similar propositions for the executive branch. Another important cultural function is associated with the growth of political consciousness and political culture as well as the amount of political information in media, which represents a number of standpoints. At all times interest groups and political parties served an indicator of public consciousness and diversity as well as intensified political antagonism, especially in the most critical periods: for instance, during the Vietnamese military invasion, Carter’s position were actually weakened by interest groups, including the most peaceful youth movements, dissatisfied with the resolution of Iranian hostage crisis. As a rule, interest groups arise in the most conductive atmosphere (liberal or democratic regime), in which human rights and freedoms are declared. Political, economic and social factions can originate from professional unions or leagues (like social workers’ professional organization), which seek to represent the opinions of their professional group or their customers’ viewpoint (for instance, social workers nowadays initiate law enforcement and the adoption of certain legal acts as well as get directly involved in lobbyist activities). The discontent with government policies is another important recondition for the arousal of an interest group: political activity is actually determined by the existing economic and social policies, so it’s easy to predict, for instance, the activation of industrial unions, when under the pressure of ecological groups, the U. S. government or certain local authorities put additional taxation on enterprises, dealing with toxic substances or with oil and natural gas. It is also important to note that interest groups will exist as long as the democratic system exists, because it is impossible to satisfy the needs of the whole society with respect to its diversity. Consequently, those concerns, which have already been satisfied, are likely to be replaced by new demands. This means, human needs are immeasurable and never-ending, whereas material resources are limited, so the U. S. government today can provide only partial gratification of political claims. Furthermore, the issue of representation is also quite contradictory: on the one hand, the growth of diversity among political parties signifies positive dynamics in this sense, on the other hand, due to the increase of public consciousness, the diversity in worldviews has grown disproportionably to the number of existing factions, so that even small groups (families, local communities) seek social or economic support, but in this case we cannot speak about true representation, since their influence is insufficient to initiate the changes at legislative or executive levels. The representation of each citizen’s interests is a utopia, as at the present time only large (more than 100,000 members) interest groups can achieve representation, can be heard, if speaking figuratively. Furthermore, it is important to note that the complete representation is inhibited by the demands of the epoch, to which self-respecting factions are supposed to adjust. For instance, the ISN movement, whose leaders several years ago (in 2000-2001) called for the changes in the U. S.immigration policy and were representing the viewpoints of national and ethnic minorities, who live and work in the country (Elhauge, 2002), has changed its directions and now are trying to create more constructive basis for the U. S. foreign policy. On the one hand, it is associated with the events of September 11, which were close followed by the violations of Muslim minorities’ human rights. On the other hand, political changes forced this faction to make a more profound inquiry into the current state of affairs and to find the most acute concerns of the society. Similar dynamics can be noticed in a number of special and constituency-representing interest groups which removed irrelevant concerns and posed new questions, such as those related to women’s rights, ethnic minorities’ human rights, social security and intellectual property. As one can assume, certain interests remain overlooked or underrepresented, whereas the most ‘fashionable’ sociopolitical trends (gender equality) are overstated and therefore prioritized. Works cited 1) Elhauge, E. Does interest group theory justify more intrusive judicial review? Yale Law Journal, 2002, Vol. 110 2) Etzioni, A. Special interest groups versus constituency representation: Research in social movements. Conflict and Change, 1990, Vol. 8. 3) Mcwilliams, R. The best and the worst of public interest groups; from lifting up the poor to shaking down the elderly, Washington Monthly, March 1988, Vol. 20.

Marketing Plan Of Coca Cola Company Marketing Essay

Marketing Plan Of Coca Cola Company Marketing Essay Introduction: Coca Colas path to nearly universal recognition as a consumer product began by means of a peddler of patent medicines in Atlanta, Georgia in the year 1886. This individual one John Stith Pemberton had an ingenious idea. Why sell 75 pennies or Pound medicine bottles? This was a marketing strategy limited to the sick. Why not sell a single serving for a nickel? In the Deep South of the U.S. everyone might afford 5 ¢ for a cold invigorating soft drink. The nickel Coke was born. At the time, no one might have predicted that it would be almost 1960 before the nickel Coke was finally gone. (Allen, 1994) Today, if one scans the economic literature on price rigidity, he/she will find documented cases on how a number of prices seem to be sticky for significant periods of time. For example, Bergen, 2002 examines data on magazine prices plus finds that their prices transform regarding every 3-6 years. Using the Bergen, 2002 transaction price data, Bergen, 2002 finds that, It is not unusual in a number of industries for prices to individual buyers to remain untransformed for several years Bergen, 2002 studies catalogue prices of 12 retail goods over a 35-year period plus reports that the average time flanked by price transforms is regarding fifteen months. Blinder, et al. (1998), presenting detailed survey evidence as of U.S. firms, concludes that the average lag of price adjustments following supply or demand transforms is 3 months. Bergen, 2002 studies apartment rental prices in the U.S. using the Annual Housing Survey data, plus finds that over the period of 1974-1981, flanked by 23 as well as 34 percent of the apartments had no transform in nominal rent as of one year to the next. The study by Bergen, 2002 examines the frequency of price transforms for 350 categories of goods as well as services covering regarding 70% of consumer spending in addition to documents frequent prices transforms, by means of half of prices lasting less than 4.3 months. (Bergen, 2002) On the other hand, the price of a serving of Coca-Cola did not adjust to supply or demand transforms for over 60 years, plus the nickel Coke did not entirely disappear as of U.S. markets until 1959 Over 70 years! The contrast is of an order of magnitude to say the least! Our goal in this paper is to study this unusual episode of price rigidity in detail as well as try to explain it. Understanding what appears to be one of the most long-lasting nominal price rigidity phenomena of the 20th century is valuable for several reasons. First, the Coca-Cola Business is one of the most successful in addition to documented producers of a consumer good in the world. Second, over most of the time period covered in this study, the soft drink industry was a non-negligible part of the U.S. economy. For example, as of 1945, the bottled non-alcoholic carbonated beverage industry had a nominal production value of  £579 million, or 0.26 percent of the  £222 billion Nominal GDP.4 The Coca-Cola Busine ss had a 50 percent plus market share of the industry, making its contribution alone economically significant, regarding 0.13 percent of the GDP. (Zbaracki, 2002) Marketing Strategy: Coca Colas spends loads on advertising however; the theme should be how to use it more effectively so the advertising program is simple.   Coca Colas should do direct mail, banner ads, and inserts, by means of inserts in the Register Guard likely to be the most successful of the campaigns.   Mission Coca Colas mission is to provide the customer the finest drinks as well as dining experience.   We exist to attract and maintain customers.   When we adhere to this maxim, everything else should fall into place.   The services should exceed the expectations of the customers.   Marketing Objectives Maintain positive, steady, growth each month. Generate maximum sales target each month. Experience an increase in novel customers who are turned into long-term customers. Realize a growth strategy of one store per year. Financial Objectives A double-digit growth rate for each future year. Reduce the overhead per store through disciplined growth. Continue to decrease the variable costs associated by means of food production. Target Marketing The souk can be segmented into two target populations: Individuals: sportsmen Families: during dinners as a popular fizzy drink, ceremonies and other family functions. Combining several key demographic factors, Coca Colas arrives at a profile of the primary customer as follows: Sophisticated markets all over the globe. Meant for all ages. All stores and supermarkets to keep the Coca Cola products on their shelves. Positioning Coca Colas should position itself as a reasonably priced, upscale, drink.   Consumers who appreciate high-quality fizzy drinks should recognize the value and unique offerings of Coca Colas drinks and its different promotions.   Coca Cola positioning should leverage their competitive edge: Product. The product should have the freshest ingredients including fizzy drinks, and might be smoothies and shakes can also be introduced.   The product should in addition be developed to enhance presentation, everything should be aesthetically pleasing. Service. Customer service should be the priority.   All employees should ensure that the customers are having the most pleasant delivery experience (by customer it is meant to mention the retailers and wholesalers).   All employees should go through an extensive training program and only experienced people should be hired. By offering a superior product, coupled by means of superior service, Coca Colas should excel relative to the competition. Strategy Pyramids The single objective is to position Coca Colas as the premier drinks , OR area, commanding a majority of the souk share inside five years.   The marketing strategy should seek to first create customer awareness regarding their services offered, develop that customer base, plus work toward building customer loyalty and referrals. The message that Coca Colas should seek to communicate is that Coca Colas offers the freshest, most creative, health conscious, reasonably priced, drinks.   This message should be communicated through a variety of methods.   The first should be direct mail.   The direct mail campaign should be a manner to communicate directly by means of the consumer.   Coca Colas should in addition employ  banner ads as well as inserts in the Register Guard.   This should be particularly effective for the reason that the Register Guard is a popular local paper that is consulted when people are looking for things to do in the global markets.   The last method for communicating Coca Colas message is through a grassroots PR campaign.   This campaign should leverage personal relationships by means of people on staff of the Register Guard to get a couple of articles written regarding Coca Colas.   One should be as of the trade point of view, talking regarding the opening of the restaurant and the people behind the venture.   This is likely to be run in the trade section.   The second article should be a food review that is what are the different foods a customer feels a fizzy drink is a must, this will help the company to make sure that its products and all the drinks range is available on such occasions which augments its sales;  In speaking by means of several dissimilar retailers plus restaurateurs, significant increases of traffic followed articles in the Register Guard.   For the reason that of this level of effectiveness and low/zero cost, Coca Colas should work hard to get press in the Register Guard. Marketing Mix Coca Colas marketing mix is comprised of these following approaches to pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. Pricing. Coca Colas pricing scheme is that the product cost is 45% of the total retail price. Distribution. Coca Colas food should be distributed through a take out  model where customers can call in their order plus come to the  restaurant to pick it up, come into any restaurant free coke campaign will enable the , place the take out  order as well as wait for it to be completed, or come in and dine at the restaurant. Advertising and Promotion. The most successful advertising should be  banner ads and inserts in the Register Guard as well as a PR campaign of  informational articles plus reviews  in addition inside the Register Guard. Customer Service. Obsessive customer attention is the mantra.   Coca Colas philosophy is that whatever needs to be done to make the customer happy have to occur, even at the expense of short-term profits.   In the long term, this investment should pay off by means of a fiercely loyal customer base that is extremely vocal to their friends by means of referrals. Marketing Research During the initial phases of the  marketing plan development, several focus groups were held to gain insight into a variety of patrons of drinks.   These focus groups provided useful insight into the decisions, as well as decision making processes, of consumers. An additional source of souk research that is dynamic is a feedback mechanism based on a suggestion card system.   The suggestion card system has several statements that patrons are asked to rate in terms of a given scale.   There are in addition several open ended questions that allow the customer to freely offer constructive criticism or praise.   Coca Colas should work hard to implement reasonable suggestions in order to improve their service offerings as well as show their commitment to the customer that their suggestions are valued. The last source of souk research is competitive analysis/appreciation.   Coca Colas should continually patronize local drinks for two reasons.   The first is for competitive analysis, providing Coca Colas by means of timely information regarding other drinks service offering.   The second reason is that local trade owners particularly drink owners, are often part of an informal fraternal organization where they support each others trade. Financials, Budgets, and Forecasts This section should offer a financial overview of Coca Colas as it relates to the marketing activities.   Coca Colas should address Break-even Analysis, sales forecasts, expense forecasts, and how those link to the marketing strategy. Break-even Analysis The Break-even Analysis indicates that  Ã‚ £40,000 should be needed in monthly revenue to reach the break-even point. Sales Forecast The first two months should be worn to get the company up and running.   By month three things should get busier.   Sales  should gradually increase by means of profitability being reached by the beginning of year two. Expense Forecast Marketing expenses are to be budgeted so that they are ramped up for months two through four plus then lower as well as plateau as of month five to month 10. Companys typically have increased trade in the fall.   This generally occurs for the reason that during the summer, when the weather is nice and it does not get dark until late, people tend to eat out less but due to hot weather drinks sell well.   As of months 10-12, the marketing costs should increase again. Controls The purpose of Coca Colas marketing plan is to serve as a guide  for the organization.     Implementation Milestones The following milestones identify the key marketing programs.   It is significant to accomplish each one on time, and on budget. Marketing Organization Kevin Lewis, the owner, is primarily responsible for marketing activities.   This is in addition to his other responsibilities, plus does depend on some outside resources for graphic design work, and creativity. Contingency Planning Difficulties and risks: Problems generating visibility. Overly aggressive as well as debilitating actions by competitors. An entry into the Eugene  souk  of an already existing,  company. Worst case risks might include: Determining that the trade cannot support itself on an ongoing basis. Having to liquidate equipment or intellectual property  to cover liabilities. The concept and product image of Coca Cola should attract 3 dissimilar customer profiles; The student further and further young people have developed healthy eating and fizzy drinking habits. Some in addition go through a health food phase while in college. The health conscious person of any age or sex this includes anyone on a restricted or prescribed diet or those who have committed to a healthy diet. Curious and open-minded if one tries it, one should like it. Through marketing, publicity, plus word-of-mouth, people should seek out a novel experience and learn that nutritious food can be tasty, fun, convenient, as well as inexpensive. The Competition There are over four dozen companies in the global markets that offer drinks at similar prices. Even though this presents an obvious challenge in terms of souk share, it in addition indicates the presence of a large, strong potential. The newest competitors have made their successful entry based on an innovative concept or novelty. Coca Cola should offer an innovative product in a familiar style at a competitive price. The aggressive plans of take-out and delivery should in addition give us an advantage to create a good souk share before the competition can adjust or similar concepts appear. Competitors Profile Competing by means of Coca Cola for the target souk are these categories of food providers: Independent table service companies of similar range and price structure. Chain Commercial foodservice companies serving students directly. Competitive Strategy There are three major manners in which we should create an advantage over the competitors; product identity, quality, plus novelty high employee motivation and good sales attitude Innovative as well as aggressive service options. Marketing Plan Sales Strategy Souk Penetration Entry into the souk has to not be a problem. The store has high visibility by means of heavy foot traffic all day long. The local residents and students always support novel flavours plus the tourists do not have fixed preferences. In addition,  £10,000 has been budgeted for a pre-opening advertising and public relations campaign. Marketing Strategy Focusing on the unique aspect of the product theme (quality fizzy drinks) a mix of marketing vehicles should be created to convey the presence, the image, as well as the message. Print media local newspapers, magazines and student publications Broadcast media local programming and special interest shows Hotel guides, concierge relations, Chamber of Commerce brochures Direct mail subscriber lists, offices for delivery Misc. yellow pages, charity events A public relations firm has been retained to create special events and solicit print and broadcast coverage, especially at the start-up. The marketing effort should be split into 3 phases; 1) Opening An advanced notice (press packet) sent out by the PR firm to all media plus printed announcement ads in key places. Budget  £10,000 2) Ongoing A flexible campaign (using the above media), assessed regularly for effectiveness. Budget  £10,000 3) Point of sale A well-trained staff can increase the average check as well as enhancing the customers overall experience. Word-of-mouth referral is extremely significant in building a customer base. Future plans and Strategic Opportunities Catering to offices (even outside of the local area) might turn out to be a large part of gross sales. At that point sales agent would be hired to directly souk the products for daily delivery or catered functions. Operations Compensation Incentives Coca Cola should offer competitive wages and salaries to all employees by means of benefit packages available to key personnel only. Board of Directors An impressive board of directors should be assembled that represents some top professional as of the area. They should be a great asset to the development of the company. Consultants Professional Support Resources At the present, no outside consults have been retained, excepting the design department at Best Equipment. Management to be Added We are presently searching for a general manager plus executive chef. These key employees should be well chosen and given incentives for performance and growth. Ownership The stockholders should retain ownership by means of the possibility of offering stock to key employees if deemed appropriate. Long-Term Development Exit Plan Goals Coca Cola is an innovative concept that targets a novel, growing souk. We assume that the souk should respond, plus grow quickly in the next 5 years. The goals are to create a reputation of quality, consistency and security (safety of food) that should make us the leader of a novel style of dining. Strategies The marketing efforts should be concentrated on take-out and delivery, the areas of most promising growth. As the souk changes, novel products might be added to maintain sales. Risk Evaluation By means of any novel venture, there is risk involved. The success of the project hinges on the strength plus acceptance of a fairly novel souk. After year 1, we expect some copycat competition in the form of other independent units. Chain competition should be much later. Exit Plan Ideally, Coca Cola should expand to more units with increased supply of drinks in the next 10 years.

Descartes Meditations Essay -- Philosophy Doubt Meditations Descartes

Descartes' Meditations In Descartes’ meditations, Descartes begins what Bernard Williams has called the project of ‘pure enquiry’ to discover an indubitable premise or foundation to base his knowledge on, by subjecting everything to a kind of scepticism now known as Cartesian doubt. This is known as foundationalism, where a philosopher basis all epistemological knowledge on an indubitable premise. Within meditation one Descartes subjects all of his beliefs regarding sensory data and even existence to the strongest and most hyperbolic of doubts. He invokes the notion of the all powerful, malign demon who could be deceiving him regarding sensory experience and even his understanding of the simplest mathematical and logical truths in order to attain an indubitable premise that is epistemologically formidable. In meditation one Descartes has three areas of doubt, doubt of his own existence, doubt of the existence of God, and doubt of the existence of the external world. Descartes’ knowledge of these three areas are subjected to three types of scepticism the first where he believes that his senses are being deceived ‘these senses played me false, and it is prudent never to trust entirely those who have once deceived us’. The second of the forms of scepticism revolves around whether Descartes is dreaming or not ‘I see so clearly that there are no conclusive signs by means of which one can distinguish between being awake and being asleep’. The aforementioned malign demon was Descartes third method of doubt as he realised God would not deceive him. Descartes’ search for an underlying foundational premise ends when he realises he exists, at least when he thinks he exists ‘doubtless, then, that I exist and, let him deceive me as he may, he can never bring it about that I am nothing, so long as I shall be conscious that I am something. So that it must, in fine, be maintained, all things being maturely and carefully considered, that this proposition I am, I exist, is necessarily true each time it is expressed by me or conceived in my mind’. This argument ‘I think therefore I am’ is Descartes’ cogito argument as in Latin it is cogito ergo sum. The cogito argument raises some difficulties, as when thinking results in existence not thinking should therefore result in non-existence leaving the problem of returning to thought from non-existence. Descartes could ... ...stence of God to a satisfactory degree, however this was not the case so instead his ‘proof’ of the existence of corporeal things is clouded by a thin veil of theology. Descartes’ attempts to extricate himself from his sceptical doubts of the meditations had a varying degree of success, his doubt of his own existence was well surmounted with the indubitable ‘cogito’ argument. The second of his doubts, that of the existence of God was not extricated as successfully with the unconvincing trademark argument and the out of date ontological argument. Descartes then went on to tackling his doubt regarding the existence of the external world, which was done well but was based on the shady proofs for the existence of God. Descartes may not have proven the existence of God or the existence of the external world however he did produce a new style of philosophy in which he attempted to base all of his epistemological knowledge (or beliefs) on a single indubitable premise, this style of philosophy now known as foundationalism has been and is still used by philosophers today at great credit to Descartes, Rene Descartes proved himself within t his book to be the father of modern philosophy.

The Differences of Bush and Clinton as Presidents

â€Å"As a traditional upper-class Republican conservative, Bush was a cheerleader for American consumer capitalism and promoted globalization of American-produced products in a â€Å"New World Order† safeguarded by the Reagan Doctrine and arms sales to client countries. However, neither Bush nor Secretary of State Baker had â€Å"the vision thing† and instead remained pragmatic caretakers of the Reagan Revolution. The economic recession 1990-92, white collar downsizing, the loss of 2 million jobs, the need to raise taxes to pay for the Reagan deficit, and a hostile Congress controlled by the Democratic Party prevented the realization of the new order.† In 1989, Bush stopped the sales of weapons to the Republic of China because a revolt was triggering between the government of China and its people that there was a lot killed in Tiananmen Square. In 1990, the President was in favor of increasing the taxes paid by the employees so that they can cope up with the increasing debts of U.S. but with this, his popularity started to sink because people knew that he was against it. Several other factors were key in his defeat, including siding with Congressional Democrats in 1990 to raise taxes despite his famous â€Å"Read my lips: No new taxes† pledge not to institute any new taxes (Wikipedia, 2005). That was one of the reasons why he was not re-elected as president. William Jefferson Clinton became the 42nd President of the United States since 1993 until 2001. He was elected as the president twice but on his second term he was for impeachment. According to Wikipedia 2005: â€Å"During his tenure as president, his domestic priorities included efforts to create a universal healthcare system, upgrade education, to restrict handgun sales, to strengthen environmental regulations, to improve race relations, and to protect the jobs of workers during pregnancy or medical emergency. His domestic agenda also included more conservative themes such as reforming welfare programs, expanding the â€Å"War on Drugs†, and increasing law enforcement funding. Internationally, his priorities included reducing trade barriers, preventing nuclear proliferation, and mediating the Northern Ireland peace process and Israeli-Palestinian conflicts.† What is fact and what is a bias opinion as it relates to the two administrations? There was a statistics made by Ackman (2004) on the relation of the president's performance during their term. As summarized, Bush was ranked the least because of his poor performance. And Clinton was ranked higher that Bush because he performed well during his term especially his first term. According to Ackman (2004): â€Å"Clinton's two terms in office (1993-2001) were marked by strong numbers for gross domestic product (GDP) and employment growth and especially for deficit reduction.† â€Å"The key to Clinton's success, says Alice Rivlin, a Brookings Institution scholar who served as his director of management and budget, was adhering to the â€Å"pay/go† agreement first forged by President George H. W. Bush and a Democratic Congress, whereby tax cuts or entitlement increases had to be funded on a current basis. She says Clinton raised taxes at just the right time–when incomes were starting to rise after years of stagnation–leading to a surge of receipts. The result was the smallest government in terms of its percentage of GDP since Johnson, and the first substantial budget surpluses since Harry S. Truman. † How the public viewed Clinton and Bush both pro and con? During the term of Bush, people hoped for security and prosperity and he was able to attain the security but a slight below of the progress maybe because of his concentration on the foreign policy. As according to the online source, http://americanhistory.si.edu/presidency/timeline/pres_era/3_701.html: â€Å"Bush proved most sure-footed in foreign policy, where, according to one observer, he proved a master of both â€Å"timing and substance.† More widely traveled than any other President, he managed the policy transitions prompted by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. Perhaps his greatest success was the alliance he crafted to thwart Iraq's forceful takeover of Kuwait in 1990.† During the first term of Clinton, he won the masses because he worked hard and implemented some of his platforms but then there were some objections on his other decisions. Such examples are, based on Wikipedia (2005): â€Å"Shortly after taking office, Clinton fulfilled a campaign promise by signing the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, which required large employers to allow their employees to take unpaid leave because of pregnancy or serious medical condition. While this action was popular, Clinton's initial reluctance to fulfill another campaign promise relating to the acceptance of openly homosexual members of the military garnered criticism from both the left (for being too tentative in promoting gay rights) and the right (for being too insensitive to military life). After much debate, Clinton implemented the â€Å"Don't ask, don't tell† policy, which remains official military policy.† Did the media treat them each fairly and without bias? With President George H. W. Bush, the media treated him fairly during his administration. Regarding the taxes he imposed, the public did not clearly understand the reason for increasing and adding the tax that was one of the concerns of the people, they relied on the media's information but not directly to the authorized personnel. With President Bill Clinton, the media did treat him fairly during his administration and how he handle his office but then when news about his affair with Monica Lewinsky, he was not treated fairly, they judged them on what they think is due to him without due process that was one of the reason why his popularity had dropped. But even if he was under hot situation he did not leave his office, he continued to work and he proved that his personal life will not affect his service to the people. What legacy did and will they each leave? During the term of Bush, major event has happened with the help of the United States such as the Tiananmen Square where he stopped the sales of weapons because of the civil war. The fall of Berlin Wall, this was participated by different countries including the U.S. And most especially the Gulf War where in they initiated the attacked of American to Iraq for trying to invade Kuwait. The last legacy during his term that he left was he organized the â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement† but it was Clinton, during his term that it was signed. The most important item on Clinton's legislative agenda, however, was a complex health care reform plan, the result of a task force headed by Hillary Clinton, aimed at achieving universal coverage (Wikipedia, 2005). The health care program will benefit most of the Americans but insurances and some traditionalists do not like the idea of this reform plan. The economy improved because unemployment were reduced, the stock market raised and the employees income were raised. But then, it will also be noted that Clinton was the 2nd President who went through impeachment because of what happened between him and one of his staff â€Å"Monica Lewinsky†. At first he denied it but soon he accepted it and asked for the people's mercy.